Gene Conversion Research Hub

Understanding Gene Conversion in Genomic Evolution

Comprehensive scientific resource on gene conversion mechanisms, meiotic recombination, biased gene conversion, and their implications for genome evolution and human disease.

~1%

Genome affected per meiosis

200-2000bp

Typical conversion tract

5-15x

Higher rate than crossover

Gene Conversion Process

DSB Formation
5' End Resection
Strand Invasion
Heteroduplex DNA
Gene Conversion

Gene Conversion Mechanisms

The molecular processes underlying gene conversion events in meiosis and mitosis

Double-Strand Break Repair

Gene conversion initiates with programmed DSBs by Spo11, followed by 5'-to-3' resection creating single-stranded overhangs that invade homologous templates.

Spo11DSBResection

Synthesis-Dependent Strand Annealing

SDSA is the primary non-crossover pathway where the invading strand is displaced after DNA synthesis, leading to gene conversion without crossing over.

SDSANon-crossoverD-loop

Holliday Junction Resolution

Double Holliday junctions can resolve as either crossovers or non-crossovers (gene conversion), depending on the orientation of endonuclease cleavage.

dHJResolutionCrossover

GC-Biased Gene Conversion

Mismatch repair of heteroduplex DNA during conversion shows a bias toward G:C over A:T base pairs, driving genome-wide GC content evolution.

gBGCGC ContentEvolution

Conversion Tract Analysis

Conversion tracts typically span 200-2000bp in humans. Tract length and frequency vary by genomic region and correlate with recombination hotspot activity.

Tract LengthHotspotsPRDM9

Pathogenic Gene Conversion

Ectopic gene conversion between paralogs can introduce pathogenic variants, as seen in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CYP21A2/CYP21A1P) and spinal muscular atrophy.

CYP21A2SMN1/SMN2Paralog

~30

Conversions per meiosis (human)

5-15x

More frequent than crossovers

55-60%

GC-biased resolution rate

>400

Recombination hotspots mapped

Latest Research Articles

Recent publications and reviews on gene conversion biology and bioinformatics

April 7, 2026

What Is Gene Conversion? A Primer

An accessible introduction to gene conversion mechanisms, distinguishing allelic from ectopic conversion and explaining their evolutionary significance.

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April 1, 2026

Gene Conversion in Meiosis Explained

Detailed walkthrough of meiotic gene conversion from DSB initiation through Holliday junction resolution, with molecular diagrams.

Read Article
March 25, 2026

Recent Studies on Conversion Tracts

Review of latest findings on conversion tract length distribution, detection methods, and implications for understanding genome evolution.

Read Article

Gene Conversion Research Digest

Stay current with the latest discoveries in gene conversion biology, bioinformatics tools, and recombination research.

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